Evaluation of Classroom Teachers’ Social Capital and Work Engagement Levels

Authors

  • Fatih Mutlu Özbilen Department of Child Care and Youth Services, Çanakkale Vocational School of Social Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Barbaros Mahallesi, Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi, 17020, Çanakkale, Türkiye
  • Gökhan Günay Yeniceköy Primary School, Yenice Mahallesi, Yenice Köyü Yolu, 17200, Biga, Çanakkale, Türkiye
  • Yaşar Dilber Gürsu Science and Art Center, Gürsu, Kumlukalan, Muharrem Türk Caddesi, No:31, 16580, Bursa, Türkiye

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2025.3.341.361

Keywords:

social capital, work engagement, classroom teacher

Abstract

Aim. The aim of the study is the exploration of relationship between various dimensions of social capital and level of work engagement among teachers.

Methods. This is a descriptive study based on the quantitative method and structured using a survey model. Data were collected with the Social Capital in Schools Scale, and the Engaged Teacher Scale developed. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS v.22.

Results. The findings revealed that the level of social capital perceived by classroom teachers in their schools is high and their work engagement is very high. A moderate, significant, and positive correlation was identified between the perceived level of social capital in schools and attitudes toward work engagement. Additionally, it was found that the social capital sub-dimensions together significantly predicted 18% of the variance in work engagement.

Conclusions. In conclusion, it was revealed that the level of social capital perceived by classroom teachers in primary schools is high and teachers are engaged with their work. Additionally, it was concluded that as the level of perceived social capital in schools increases, teachers’ engagement with their work will also increase; therefore, research shows that social capital in schools will make teachers more committed to their work.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Fatih Mutlu Özbilen, Department of Child Care and Youth Services, Çanakkale Vocational School of Social Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Barbaros Mahallesi, Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi, 17020, Çanakkale, Türkiye

    Fatih Mutlu Özbilen is a faculty member at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University's Çanakkale Vocational School of Social Sciences. He completed his undergraduate studies in the Department of Classroom Teaching at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, his master's degree in Classroom Teaching at the same university, and his doctorate in Educational Administration and Supervision at the same university. His academic research focuses on educational administration, teacher training, teacher competencies, educational policies, inclusive education, higher education, classroom management, organizational behavior, leadership, entrepreneurship, classroom education, child development, adult education, lifelong learning, educational psychology, and multicultural education.

  • Gökhan Günay, Yeniceköy Primary School, Yenice Mahallesi, Yenice Köyü Yolu, 17200, Biga, Çanakkale, Türkiye

    Gökhan Günay is a classroom teacher at Biga Yeniceköy Primary School in Çanakkale. He completed his undergraduate studies in classroom teaching at Gazi University's Kastamonu Faculty of Education and his master's and doctoral degrees in educational sciences at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. He focuses on curriculum development in education in general and neglected curriculum issues in particular.

  • Yaşar Dilber, Gürsu Science and Art Center, Gürsu, Kumlukalan, Muharrem Türk Caddesi, No:31, 16580, Bursa, Türkiye

    Yaşar Dilber is a PhD student in the Department of Educational Administration and Leadership at Eskişehir Osmangazi University and serves as the director of the Science and Art Center (SAC) in Gürsu District, Bursa. His work on topics such as inclusive education, the education of gifted children and their families' attitudes, talent management and social network analysis has been published in national and international journals.

References

Abdulrahman, B. S., Oader, K. S., Jamil, D. A., Sabah, K. K., Gardi, B., & Anwer, S. A. (2022). Work engagement and its influence in boosting productivity. International Journal of Language, Literature and Culture (IJLLC), 2(6), 30-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijllc.2.6.3

Adeyeye, G. M., & Dasoo, N. (2023). Social capital and its impact in promoting academic achievement. PONTE International Journal of Sciences and Research, 79(4/1), 10-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21506/j.ponte.2023.4.2

Allen, K.-A., Gray, D. L., Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2022). The need to belong: A deep dive into the origins, implications, and future of a foundational construct. Educational Psychology Review, 34, 1133-1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09633-6

Alshammari, A. E. A., Thomran, M., & Alshebami, A. S. (2023). Integration of service-learning theory and social capital theory in volunteering work for sustainable development: A study of the role of education curricula in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 15(18), Article 13312. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813312

Alwerthan, T. (2024). The role of school support and environment in fostering teacher engagement: A structural equation modelling approach. Creative Education, 15(12), 2644-2665. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2024.1512161

Azahar, N. S. H. (2024). Does social capital matter for student achievements?. KRI Views 28/24. Khazanah Research Institute. https://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/editor/20241104%20Views%20-%20Social%20capital%20influence%20on%20education.pdf

Biswal, K., Srivastava, K. B., & Alli, S. F. (2025). Psychological capital and work engagement: Moderating role of social relationships. Annals of Neurosciences, 32(2), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231198964

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York: Greenwood.

Bridwell-Mitchell, E. N., & Fried, S. A. (2020). Learning one’s place: Status perceptions and social capital in teacher communities. Educational Policy, 34(7), 955-991. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904818802117

Cai, Y., Wang, L., Bi, Y., & Tang, R. (2022). How can the professional community influence teachers’ work engagement? The mediating role of teacher self-efficacy. Sustainability, 14(16), Article 10029. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610029

Chen, K.-J., Lin, C.-P., & Liu, C.-M. (2024). Modeling social capital, training transfer, and occupational commitment: Moderation of learning value of the job. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 35(9-10), 1167-1181.

Claridge, T. (2021). Evolution of the concept of social capital. Institute for Social Capital.

Clausen T, Meng A, & Borg V. (2019). Does social capital in the workplace predict job performance, work engagement, and psychological well-being? A prospective analysis. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61(10), 800-805.

Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(1), S95–S120. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2780243

Coleman, J. S. (2000). Social capital in the creation of human capital. In P. Dasgupta & I. Serageldin (Ed.), Social capital: A multifaceted perspective (pp. 13-39). The World Bank.

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.

Doğan, Ö., & Bozkurt Bostancı, A. (2017). Okulların sosyal sermaye düzeyleri ile öğretmenlerin psikolojik sözleşmeleri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between schools' social capital levels and teachers’ psychological contract]. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 313-334.

Dong, Y., & Xu, J. (2022) The role of EFL teachers’ optimism and commitment in their work engagement: A theoretical review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 830402.

Ellinger, A. E., Musgrove, C. C. F., Ellinger, A. D., Bachrach, D. G., Baş, A. B. E., & Wang, Y. L. (2013). Influences of organizational investments in social capital on service employee commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1124-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.03.008

Fehr, D., Rau, H., Trautmann, S. T., & Xu, Y. (2020). Inequality, fairness and social capital. European Economic Review, 129, Article 103566.

Field, J. (2008). Social capital. Routledge.

Filiz, M., Karagöz, Y., Budak, O., & Erdal, N. (2024). Mediation role of work engagement in the effect of healthcare professionals’ perception of organizational trust and organizational support on perception of organizational cynicism. Current Psychology, 43, 25426-25441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06197-w

Flint, N. (2011). Schools, communities and social capital: Building blocks in the ‘Big Society’ (Research associate full rep.). Nottingham: National College for Leadership of Schools and Children’s services (NCSL). https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/2981/

Flores, J., & Shuls, J. V. (2024). The five factors: How school leaders can improve teacher retention. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 8(1).

Forichon, K. (2020). Considering human capital in a multidimensional analysis of fragility (working paper No. 80). OECD Development Co-operation. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2020/09/considering-human-capital-in-a-multidimensional-analysis-of-fragility_ed853541/430770d4-en.pdf

Fridayanti, Kardinah, N., & Lestari, T. A. (2022). Teachers’ work engagement: The role of perceived organizational support and meaningful work. PSYMPATHIC: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 9(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v9i1.15747

Fujikawa, H., Aoki, T. & Eto, M. (2024). Associations between workplace social capital, well-being, and work engagement in medical residents: A multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 24, Article 1063. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06055-0

Fukuyama, F. (2002). Social capital and development: The coming agenda. SAIS Review, 22(1), 23-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sais.2002.0009

Gamoran, A., Miller, H. K., Fiel, J. E., & Valentine, J. L. (2021). Social capital and student achievement: An intervention-based test of theory. Sociology of Education, 94(4) 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380407211040261

Giavrimis, P., & Nikolaou, S. M. (2021). Teachers’ social capital: Differentations and outcomes. Social Sciences and Education Research Review, 8(1), 8-25.

Han, M., & Park, E. (2023). The effects of teacher’s collaborative activities on professional capital. Yeollin Gyoyug Yeon’gu, 31(1), 91–112.

Hendrik, G. E., Fanggidae, R. E., & Timuneno, T. (2021). Effect of work engagement on employee performance (Study at RRI KUPANG). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Tourism, Economics, Accounting, Management, and Social Science (TEAMS 2021), 197, 660-665.

Hu, J., & Cheung, C. K. J. (2024). Social identity and social integration: a meta-analysis exploring the relationship between social identity and social integration. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1361163. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1361163

Islam, A., & Ajmal, M. (2024). Unlocking proactive socialization dynamics: Investigating work engagement through social capital resources, the interplay of proactive personality and perceived organizational support. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness.

Jain, V., Bijlani, A., Gupta, R., & Bagaria, O. (2024). A comprehensive review of the effects of social resources on the development of qualified instructors and children’s learning performance. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 6, Article 2023ss037.

Jutengren, G., Jaldestad, E., Dellve, L., & Eriksson, A. (2020). The potential importance of social capital and job crafting for work engagement and job satisfaction among health-care employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), Article 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124272

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.

Kida, R., Yumoto, Y., & Ogata, Y. (2023). Workplace social capital mediates the relationship between authentic leadership and three dimensions of organizational commitment of hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 20(3), Article e12526. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12526

Kidron, A., & Vinarski-Peretz, H. (2024). Linking psychological and social capital to organizational performance: A moderated mediation of organizational trust and proactive behavior. European Management Journal, 42(2), 245-254.

Kim, W., Kim, J., Woo, H., Park, J., Jo, J., Park, S.-H., & Lim, S. Y. (2017). The relationship between work engagement and organizational commitment: Proposing research agendas through a review of empirical literature. Human Resource Development Review, 16(4), 350–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484317725967

Lätsch, A., Raufelder, D., & Wulff, T. (2016). The influence of social relationships on conduct problems in school context – does school engagement matter?. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 5, 113–122.

Leana, C. R., & Van Buren, H. J. (1999). Organizational social capital and employment practices. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 538-555. http://www.jstor.org/stable/259141

Li, X., Xu, Y., & Huang, D. (2025). Exploring the interplay between social connectedness, job control, and organizational commitment: The mediating role of work engagement among Chinese teachers. BMC Psychol, 13(1), Article 31.

Li, Y., Qiu, L., & Sun, B. (2021). School engagement as a mediator in students’ social relationships and academic performance: A survey based on CiteSpace. International Journal of Crowd Science, 5(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCS-02-2020-0005

Lien, H. Y., & Lai, H. C. (2024). The impact of the organisational commitment of teachers on work engagement: The mediating role of teaching efficacy. e-mentor, 5(107), 29–35.

Ljubetić, M., Maglica, T., & Ercegovac, I. R. (2022). Teachers’ work engagement: The contribution of demographic, work-related, and social factors. Journal of the Institute for Educational Research, 54(1), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.2298/ZIPI2201083L

Maluenda-Albornoz, J., Berríos-Riquelme, J., Infante-Villagrán, V., & Lobos-Peña, K. (2023). Perceived social support and engagement in first-year students: The mediating role of belonging during COVID-19. Sustainability, 15(1), Article 597.

Mason, S., & Poyatos Matas, C. (2016). Social capital: A vital ingredient for retaining foreign language teachers. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 1, Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-016-0008-5

Michael, A. R., Maria, G. M., George, H. J., Jayacyril, C. M., & Parayitam, S. (2025). Employee commitment and cognitive engagement as moderators in the relationship between quality of work life and work life balance: A conditional moderated moderated mediation model. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 44(4), 94-118. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22287

Mikiewicz, P. (2021). Social capital and education – An attempt to synthesize conceptualization arising from various theoretical origins, Cogent Education, 8(1), Article 1907956.

Mulisa, F. (2022). Sampling techniques involving human subjects: Applications, pitfalls, and suggestions for further studies. International Journal of Academic Research in Education (IJARE), 8(1), 75-84.

Murray, P. A., Southey, K., Gibson, M., Sands, J., & Ong, D. (2025). Strength in numbers: How social resources travel together to increase employee engagement. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 63(2), Article e70008. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.70008

Nieman, A. (2006). Social capital and social development. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk, 42(2), 163-172.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). How’s life? 2020: Measuring well-being. OECD Publishing. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9870c393-en

Ostrom, E. (2000). Social capital: a fad or a fundamental concept?. In P. Dasgupta & I. Serageldin (Eds.), Social capital: A multifaceted perspective (pp. 172-214). The World Bank Washington, D.C.

Özbilen, F. M. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının sosyal sermaye ve girişimcilik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of prospective teachers’ social capital and entrepreneurship levels] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi.

Özbilen, F. M. (2023). Öğretmenlerin görev yaptıkları okullara yönelik örgütsel bağlılıkları ile işle bütünleşmeleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examination of the relationship between teachers’ organizational commitment to the schools where they work and their work engagement]. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 9(62), 2533-2541.

Palabıyık, N., & Akay, E. (2024). Algılanan örgütsel desteğin işle bütünleşme üzerindeki etkisinde duygusal bağlılığın aracı rolü [The mediating role of emotional commitment in the effect of perceived organizational support on work engagement]. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 16(30), 224-237.

Peterson, P. E., Dills, A. K., & Shakeel, M. D. (2023). Are connections the way to get ahead?: Social capital, student achievement, friendships, and social mobility. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. Harvard Kennedy School. https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/Taubman/PEPG/research/PEPG23_01.pdf

Plagens, G. K. (2011). Social capital and education: Implications for student and school performance. E&C/Education & Culture, 27(1), 40-64.

Polatcan, M. (2018). Okullarda sosyal sermaye ölçeği: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması [Social capital in school: Validity and reliability study]. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim Dergisi, 7(4), 2721-2732.

Pongton, P., & Suntrayuth, S. (2019). Communication satisfaction, employee engagement, job satisfaction, and job performance in higher education institutions. ABAC Journal, 39(3), 90-110.

Prieto-Díez, F., Postigo, A., Cuesta, M., & Muñiz, J. (2022). Work engagement: Organizational attribute or personality trait?. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 38(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2022a7

Putnam, R. D. (1996). Who killed civic America?. Prospect, 6, 66-72.

Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.

Reinius, H., Hakkarainen, K., Juuti, K., & Korhonen, T. (2024). Teachers’ perceived opportunity to contribute to school culture transformation. Journal of Educational Change, 25, 369–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-023-09496-4

Richardson J., Postmes T., & Stroebe K. (2022). Social capital, identification and support: Scope for integration. PLoS ONE 17(4), Article e0266499.

Rivas, J., Burke, M., & Hale, K. (2019). Seeking a sense of belonging: social and cultural integration of international students with American college students. Journal of International Students, 9(2), 682-704. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v9i2.943

Roberts, L. W. (2020). Belonging, respectful inclusion, and diversity in medical education. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 661-664. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003215

Rodionova, E., & Dominia, V. (2020). Work engagement: Organizational culture point of view. Psychological Applications and Trends 2020, 128-131. https://inpact-psychologyconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2020inpact027.pdf

Roth, F. (2022). Intangible capital and growth. Essays on Labor Productivity, Monetary Economics, and Political Economy (Vol. 1). Contributions to economics. Springer.

Royaei, N., & Ghanizadeh, A. (2016). The interface between motivational and emotional facets of organizational commitment among instructors at higher education. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 228-252.

Saad, M. M., Abdelwakeel, H. R., & Labib, A. A. (2022). Examining the impact of the various dimensions of employees’ engagement on commitment: Evidence from small and medium enterprises in Egypt. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrifvir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 20(0), Article a1799.

Safdar, M. (2023). Relationship between intellectual capital and teachers’ professional development in higher education institutions. Journal of Social Sciences Advancement, 4(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.52223/jssa23-040105-60

Saka, O. (2004). Araştırma evreleri II: Araştırmalarda deneklerin seçimi [Research phases II: Sampling in researches]. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 4(2), 81-85.

Sawada, Y. (1999). Community participation, teacher effort, and educational outcome: The case of El Salvador’s EDUCO program (working paper No. 307). World Bank.

Sayadi, E., & Hayati, A. (2014). The relationship between social capital and organizational commitment of employees in Zanjan education organization: (A case study). International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(5), 166-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v3-i5/1219

Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonza´lez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.

Scrima, F., Lorito, L., Parry, E., & Falgares, G. (2013). The mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between job involvement and affective commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(15), 2159-2173.

Shibiti, R. (2020). Public school teachers’ satisfaction with retention factors in relation to work engagement. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 46(1), Article a1675.

Shu, K. (2022). Teachers’ commitment and self-efficacy as predictors of work engagement and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 850204.

Siddique, A., Khanum, B., & Haleem, B. (2022). Work engagement and job performance of teachers: A correlational study. Global Educational Studies Review, 7(1), 502-516.

Son, J. (2020). Social capital. Polity Press.

Sudibjo, N. & Riantini, M. G. D. (2023). Factors affecting teachers’ work engagement: The case of private school teachers in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 21(1), 119-137.

Taşkın, F., & Dilek, R. (2010). Örgütsel güven ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerine bir alan araştırması [A field research on organizational trust and commitment]. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 37-46.

Taufik, M. F., & Dwiningrum, S. I. A. (2020). Social capital and school quality. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Science and Character Educations (ICoSSCE 2019), 398, 203-207. https://10.0.11.175/assehr.k.200130.042

Thang, D. H. (2025). The impact of social capital on workplace engagement, productivity, and organizational success. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 12(2), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.1202004

Thien, L. M., & Lee, H. C. (2023). The effects of school culture dimensions on teacher well-being across under-enrolled and high-enrolment schools, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), Article 100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100396

van den Berg, J. W., Mastenbroek, N. J. J. M., Scheepers, R. A., & Jaarsma, A. D. C. (2017). Work engagement in health professions education. Medical Teacher, 39(11), 1110-1118. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2017.1359522

Vasu, B. A., Srinivas G, Divya R, D. V. B. D. N. M. (2023). Factors influencing emotional ıntelligence and organizational commitment among college teachers; a systematic study. European Economic Letters (EEL), 13(5), 999-1006.

Veloso, C. O. N., Matias, I., Macke, J., De Sousa Cardoso, W., Da Silva Barbosa, K., & De Lucena, B. R. D (2024). The influence relationship of social capital, eco-innovation, and operational performance in traditional activities in the amazon. RGSA: Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(7), Article e08054. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-188

Wider, W., Fauzi, M.A., Kasim, N.M., Yusuf, M. F., Harun, S. A., Azira, S. Q., Tanucan, J. C. M, & Hossain, S. F. A. (2024). The impact of online social capital on innovative job performance: Mediated by work engagement. Discover Sustainability, 6, Article 464.

Wojciechowska, M. (2022). Role of social capital in education. Results of a survey on the individual social capital of school librarians. Profesional de la información, 31(6), Article e310605. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.nov.05

Wu, S., Xu, Q., Tian, H., Li, R., & Wu, X. (2025). The relationship between social support and work engagement of rural teachers: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, Article 1479097. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1479097

Xie, P., Cao, Q., Li X., Yang, Y., & Yu, L. (2022). The effects of social participation on social integration. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 919592.

Yalçın, M. T., Çoban, Ö., & Kibaroğlu, C. (2023). How teachers’ social capital affects their organizational commitment via teacher collaboration. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 8(21), 347-363.

Yerdelen, S., Durksen, T., & Klassen, R. M. (2018). An international validation of the engaged teacher scale. Teachers and Teaching, 24(6), 673-689.

Downloads

Published

2025-09-23

How to Cite

Özbilen, F. M., Günay, G., & Dilber, Y. (2025). Evaluation of Classroom Teachers’ Social Capital and Work Engagement Levels. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 16(2), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2025.3.341.361